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Middle Ages 11-13
Go deeper: algebra, physics, coding, nature and longer reads.
โ Math
๐Angles in a TriangleDiscover why the angles in a triangle always add up to 180ยฐ, how to find a missing angle, the exterior angle rule, and i๐Area and PerimeterLearn area and perimeter the clear way: the difference between them, formulas for rectangles, squares and triangles, uniโญCircles: Circumference and AreaLearn the parts of a circle and master circumference and area using pi: clear formulas, full worked examples, the radius๐Converting Fractions, Decimals and PercentagesConvert between fractions, decimals and percentages with confidence: clear rules for every direction, a handy conversion๐งญCoordinates in Four QuadrantsPlot and read coordinates in all four quadrants using positive and negative x and y values. Learn the quadrant signs, th๐ขDecimals ExplainedUnderstand decimals clearly: place value of tenths and hundredths, reading and comparing decimals, and adding, subtractiโDividing FractionsMaster dividing fractions with the keep-change-flip method: multiply by the reciprocal, simplify, and divide whole and m๐ฆExpanding BracketsLearn to expand brackets in algebra using the distributive law. Step-by-step worked examples with negative signs, two br๐ขExponents and PowersMaster exponents and powers: what a base and exponent mean, squares and cubes, the laws of exponents, the power of zero,โ๏ธInequalitiesUnderstand inequalities: read the four symbols, solve one- and two-step inequalities, plot solutions on a number line, a๐ฐIntroduction to FractionsUnderstand fractions clearly: numerators and denominators, equivalent fractions, comparing and simplifying, plus worked โIntroduction to Integers (Negative Numbers)Meet the integers: positive and negative whole numbers. Learn the number line, absolute value, and the rules for adding,๐Line GraphsA middle-school math lesson on line graphs: plot points, read values, interpret trends and gradients, handle two lines, ๐Mean, Median, Mode and RangeMaster the four key statistics: learn to calculate mean, median, mode and range step by step, when to use each one, and โ๏ธMultiplying FractionsMaster multiplying fractions: multiply tops, multiply bottoms, simplify, and handle whole and mixed numbers. Worked exam๐ขNumber Sequences and the nth TermLearn to find the nth term rule of a linear sequence. Step-by-step worked examples: find the common difference, build th๐งฎOrder of Operations (BODMAS/PEMDAS)Master the order of operations with BODMAS and PEMDAS: brackets, indices, division, multiplication, addition and subtrac%Finding a Percentage of an AmountLearn to find a percentage of an amount three ways: using 10% and 1% building blocks, fractions, and decimal multipliers๐ท๏ธPercentages in Real Life (Discounts and Tax)Use percentages in everyday situations: work out discounts, sales prices, sales tax and VAT, tips, and percentage increa๐ฏPercentages Made EasyMaster percentages step by step: what percent means, finding a percent of a number, percentage increase and decrease, an๐ฅงPie ChartsA middle-school math lesson on pie charts: read sectors, work out angles and percentages, draw your own pie chart, find โ๏ธRatio and Proportion ProblemsMaster ratio and proportion word problems: sharing amounts, scaling recipes, map scales, unit rates, and the unitary metโ๏ธRatios and ProportionsUnderstand ratios and proportions: how to write and simplify a ratio, find equivalent ratios, scale recipes, and solve p๐Rotation and TranslationLearn two key transformations: rotation (turning a shape about a centre by an angle) and translation (sliding a shape). ๐งนSimplifying ExpressionsLearn to simplify algebraic expressions by collecting like terms. Step-by-step worked examples covering signs, multiple โ๏ธSolving Equations with BracketsLearn to solve linear equations that contain brackets. Step-by-step worked examples: expand, collect like terms, balance๐งฎSolving Two-Step EquationsLearn to solve two-step equations the reliable way: undo operations in reverse order, keep both sides balanced, handle n๐ฆSquare Numbers and Square RootsUnderstand square numbers and square roots: how squaring works, perfect squares, finding and estimating roots, and where๐Substituting into FormulasLearn to substitute numbers into algebraic formulas. Step-by-step worked examples with brackets, powers, negative number๐ฆSurface Area and VolumeLearn surface area and volume of cubes, cuboids, prisms and cylinders with clear formulas and full worked examples, plus๐The Coordinate PlaneLearn the coordinate plane: the x-axis and y-axis, the origin, ordered pairs (x, y), the four quadrants, and how to plotโญVenn Diagrams and SetsLearn Venn diagrams and sets: what a set is, union and intersection, the universal set and complement, reading overlappiโ๏ธWriting Algebraic ExpressionsLearn to turn words into algebra: choose a variable, translate phrases like 'three more than' or 'twice a number', and w
โ๏ธ Physics
โ๏ธBalanced and Unbalanced ForcesA middle-school physics lesson on balanced and unbalanced forces: resultant force, free-body diagrams, how unbalanced fo๐คธCentre of Mass and BalanceA middle-school physics lesson on centre of mass and balance: what the centre of mass is, how to find it, why an object ๐ฅConduction, Convection and RadiationA middle-school physics lesson on the three ways heat travels: conduction, convection and radiation. Worked examples, re๐ฆEchoes and UltrasoundA middle-school physics lesson on echoes and ultrasound: how sound reflects, how to calculate distance from echo time, w๐Electricity Basics: Circuits and CurrentA middle-school physics lesson on electricity: electric charge, current, voltage, resistance, series and parallel circuiโป๏ธEnergy Efficiency and TransfersA middle-school physics lesson on energy transfers and efficiency: conservation of energy, useful vs wasted energy, SankโกThe Many Forms of EnergyA middle-school physics lesson on forms of energy: kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, light and sound, e๐Friction: The Force That Slows Things DownA physics lesson on friction for ages 9-13: learn what friction is, why surfaces grip, how lubricants and drag work, whe๐ฅHeat and How It TravelsA middle-school physics lesson on heat: temperature vs heat energy, and the three ways heat travels โ conduction, convec๐How Lenses WorkA middle-school physics lesson on how lenses work: convex and concave lenses, refraction, focal length, real and virtual๐ญHow We Generate ElectricityA middle-school physics lesson on generating electricity: turbines, generators and electromagnetic induction, fossil fue๐ชLevers and MomentsA middle-school physics lesson on levers and moments: the law of the lever, the principle of moments, pivots, effort and๐ชMeasuring Forces with SpringsA middle-school physics lesson on measuring forces with springs and newton-meters: Hooke's law, F = kx, the elastic limi๐ฐ๏ธOrbits and SatellitesA middle-school physics lesson on orbits and satellites: how gravity keeps moons and satellites in orbit, why they don't๐ข๏ธPressure and HydraulicsA middle-school physics lesson on pressure and hydraulics: the pressure formula, why pressure spreads through liquids, P๐Pressure in Liquids and GasesA middle-school physics lesson on pressure in fluids: what pressure is, why it increases with depth, atmospheric pressur๐Series and Parallel CircuitsA middle-school physics lesson on series and parallel circuits: how current, voltage and brightness behave in each, work๐Speed, Distance and TimeA middle-school physics lesson on speed, distance and time: the speed formula, average vs instantaneous speed, units, diโญThe Life Cycle of StarsA middle-school physics lesson on the life cycle of stars: how stars are born in nebulae, shine by nuclear fusion, and dโ๏ธThe Particle Model of MatterA middle-school physics lesson on the particle model of matter: tiny moving particles, how they explain solids, liquids โ๏ธThe Physics of FlightA middle-school physics lesson on how planes fly: the four forces of flight (lift, weight, thrust, drag), how wings make๐ชThe Solar System and GravityA middle-school physics lesson on the solar system and gravity: the Sun, planets, orbits, why we have day and night and โกVoltage, Current and ResistanceA middle-school physics lesson on voltage, current and resistance and how Ohm's law links them. Worked V=IR examples, thใฐ๏ธWavelength, Frequency and AmplitudeA middle-school physics lesson on wavelength, frequency and amplitude: what each wave property means, the wave equation ๐Waves and VibrationsA middle-school physics lesson on waves and vibrations: transverse and longitudinal waves, wavelength, frequency, amplitโ๏ธWeight vs MassA middle-school physics lesson on the difference between weight and mass: why mass stays the same everywhere, how weight
๐ฟ Nature
๐งชAcids and BasesAcids and bases explained for middle-school students: the pH scale, how acids and bases react, neutralisation, indicatorโ๏ธAtoms and MoleculesAtoms and molecules explained for middle-school students: protons, neutrons and electrons, elements and the periodic tab๐ฌCells: The Building Blocks of LifeCells explained for students: the smallest unit of life, plant vs animal cells, the parts of a cell and their jobs, how ๐Earthquakes and TsunamisEarthquakes and tsunamis explained for middle school: how tectonic plates cause earthquakes, how seismic waves are measu๐ฆ
Food Chains and EcosystemsUnderstand food chains, food webs and ecosystems: producers, consumers, predators and decomposers. Real examples, energy๐Galaxies and the Milky WayGalaxies and the Milky Way explained for ages 11-14: what a galaxy is, the shape and size of our Milky Way, spiral, elli๐ฆHow Caves FormHow caves form, explained for middle school: solution caves dissolved by acidic water, stalactites and stalagmites, sea ๐Hurricanes and TornadoesCompare hurricanes and tornadoes: how each forms, why they spin, how scientists measure them, real-world examples, safet๐Natural Disasters: Floods, Droughts and StormsNatural disasters explained for students: what causes floods, droughts and storms, why they happen, how scientists predi๐ฟPhotosynthesis ExplainedPhotosynthesis explained for middle school: how plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and oxygenโกRenewable and Non-Renewable EnergyRenewable and non-renewable energy explained for students: fossil fuels, solar, wind, water and nuclear power, why energ๐ญTelescopes and Studying SpaceHow telescopes work and how scientists study space, for ages 11-14: refractors and reflectors, light-gathering and magni๐ง The Brain and Nervous SystemA middle-school lesson on the nervous system: neurons, the brain's main regions, the spinal cord, reflexes, and how elecโป๏ธThe Carbon CycleThe carbon cycle explained for students: how carbon moves between the air, living things, oceans and rocks, the role of ๐ซThe Circulatory System: Heart and BloodHow the heart and blood work, for middle school: the four heart chambers, arteries, veins and capillaries, what blood ca๐ฝ๏ธThe Digestive SystemHow the digestive system works, explained for middle school: mouth, stomach, small and large intestine, enzymes and nutr๐The Greenhouse EffectUnderstand the greenhouse effect: how greenhouse gases trap heat and keep Earth warm, why human activity is strengthenin๐ฆดThe Human SkeletonThe human skeleton explained for students: the 206 bones, what they are made of, the jobs of the skeleton, joints and mu๐ซThe Respiratory System: How We BreatheHow breathing works, for middle school: the path of air through nose, trachea and lungs, the alveoli, gas exchange, the ๐ชจThe Rock CycleThe rock cycle explained for middle school: how igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks form and change over millions๐ซThe Systems of the Human BodyExplore the human body systems: circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, skeletal and muscular systems explained fo
๐ Stories
๐๏ธEchoes in the CanyonAn original adventure story for ages 10-13: two siblings lost in a desert canyon learn to listen, work together, and fol๐ฐ๏ธThe Clock That Ran BackwardsAn original mystery for ages 11-13: a strange clock in a repair shop runs backwards, and Mira's investigation reveals a ๐ฐ๏ธThe Clockmaker's SecretAn original middle-grade short story for ages 10-13: an apprentice inherits her grandfather's mysterious clock shop and ๐ฆThe Clockwork BirdAn original story for ages 10-13: a young inventor mends a broken clockwork bird and learns that real songs come from th๐The Code in the Old DiaryAn original mystery for ages 11-13: an old diary full of strange symbols leads Priya to crack a secret code and solve a ๐ฑThe Garden on the Space StationAn original sci-fi story for ages 11-13: when a space station's garden starts dying, young Leo solves the mystery and leโญThe Girl Who Mapped the StarsAn original story for ages 10-13: a curious girl in a lighthouse town charts the night sky, faces doubters, and helps loโ๏ธThe Inventor's ApprenticeAn original story for ages 10-13: a stubborn apprentice wants to build something brilliant on her first day, but learns ๐ถThe Island of Forgotten SongsAn original story for ages 10-13: a quiet girl sails to a vanishing island where every tune the world has forgotten is k๐The Last Library on MarsAn original sci-fi story for ages 11-13: on a struggling Mars colony, a girl fights to save a forgotten library and disc๐The Legend of the Northern LightsA retelling of the legends of the Northern Lights from Arctic and Nordic peoples, for ages 10-13, with a thoughtful mora๐๏ธThe Museum of Impossible ThingsAn original sci-fi mystery for ages 11-13: a museum's impossible exhibits hide a secret, and Jonah's curiosity uncovers ๐The Mystery of the Old LibraryAn original mystery story for ages 10-13: Maya and Theo follow hidden clues through a dusty old library to uncover a kin๐๏ธThe River That Ran UphillAn original story for ages 10-13: when a village's river mysteriously flows backward up the mountain, a curious boy foll๐กThe Signal from Station NineAn original sci-fi mystery for ages 11-13: aboard an abandoned space station, young engineer Reza chases a repeating sig๐ดThe Trojan HorseA retelling of the legend of the Trojan Horse and the fall of Troy for ages 10-13, with a moral about cleverness and a c๐๏ธThe Vanishing LakeAn original mystery for ages 11-13: when their town's lake disappears overnight, two friends follow the clues undergroun
๐ Books
โ๏ธA Short History of FlightA free online non-fiction book for ages 9-12: the story of flight from early dreamers and hot air balloons to the Wrightโ๏ธA Short History of MedicineA free non-fiction mini-book for ages 11-14: the story of medicine from ancient healers to germs, vaccines, antibiotics ๐A Short History of Space ExplorationA free non-fiction mini-book for kids: from the first rockets and Sputnik to the Moon landings, Mars rovers and the sear๐กGreat Inventions That Changed the WorldA free non-fiction mini-book for kids: discover the wheel, printing press, electricity, the telephone, flight and other ๐How Bridges and Buildings Stand UpA free non-fiction mini-book on structural engineering for kids: forces, arches, beams, trusses, suspension bridges, fou๐ง How Your Brain WorksA free non-fiction mini-book for ages 11-14: discover neurons, memory, emotions, the senses and sleep, and learn how you๐ฐLife in Medieval TimesA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 about the Middle Ages: the feudal system, castles and knights, peasants and to๐งญThe Age of ExplorationA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on the Age of Exploration: why Europeans sailed the oceans, Columbus and da Ga๐บThe Ancient EgyptiansA non-fiction book for ages 10-13 on ancient Egypt: the River Nile, pharaohs and pyramids, gods and mummies, hieroglyphs๐๏ธThe Ancient GreeksA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on ancient Greece: city-states, democracy in Athens, the warriors of Sparta, g๐๏ธThe Ancient RomansA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on ancient Rome: from a city to a mighty empire, the army and roads, emperors,๐ซThe Human Body: An Owner's GuideA free non-fiction mini-book for kids: explore the skeleton, muscles, heart, lungs, brain and digestion, and learn how y๐ญThe Industrial RevolutionA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on the Industrial Revolution: the steam engine, factories and machines, railwa๐ฒThe Secret Life of TreesA free non-fiction book for ages 9-13: how trees grow, make food from sunlight, defend themselves, talk through undergro๐ปThe Story of ComputersA free non-fiction mini-book on the history of computers: from the abacus and Babbage's engines to room-sized machines, โกThe Story of ElectricityA free online non-fiction book for ages 11-14: discover what electricity is, how circuits and currents work, the scienti๐คThe Story of Writing and the AlphabetA non-fiction book for ages 10-13 on the history of writing: from cave marks and cuneiform to hieroglyphs, the first alp๐ฆ The Tiny World of MicrobesA free online non-fiction book for ages 11-14: explore the invisible world of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microbe๐๏ธThe Wonders of the Ancient WorldA free online non-fiction history book for ages 9-13: discover the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, from the Great Py๐Women Who Changed the WorldA free non-fiction mini-book about remarkable women in history: Marie Curie, Ada Lovelace, Rosa Parks, Wangari Maathai,
โฝ Sport
๐ชBodyweight Strength ExercisesLearn safe bodyweight strength exercises for young athletes: how muscles get stronger, correct form for squats, push-ups๐โโ๏ธBuilding Stamina and EnduranceLearn how to build stamina and endurance: what aerobic fitness is, how the body adapts to cardio training, and a safe, bโค๏ธExercise and a Healthy HeartDiscover how exercise builds a healthy heart: how the heart works, what aerobic activity does to it, why a strong heart ๐คธFlexibility and StretchingLearn about flexibility and stretching: what flexibility is, the difference between dynamic and static stretches, when t๐ซHow the Heart and Lungs Work During ExerciseLearn how your heart and lungs work during exercise: how oxygen reaches your muscles, why your heart beats faster, and h๐ฏHow to Set Fitness GoalsLearn how to set fitness goals that actually work: use the SMART method, balance outcome and process goals, track progre๐ชHow Your Muscles WorkDiscover how your muscles work: how they contract to pull bones, why muscles work in pairs, what makes them stronger, an๐งHydration and ExerciseUnderstand hydration and exercise: why water matters, how sweating cools you, the signs of dehydration, when to use spor๐Moving to Feel Good and Reduce StressLearn how exercise boosts mood and reduces stress: the brain chemistry behind 'feeling good', how movement calms worry, ๐คTeamwork and SportsmanshipLearn about teamwork and sportsmanship in sport: how to play your role on a team, communicate, win and lose gracefully, ๐ดWhy Sleep Matters for AthletesDiscover why sleep matters for athletes: how sleep repairs muscles, builds skills, releases growth hormone, sharpens rea
๐ค AI
โฟAI and Accessibility: Helping EveryoneHow AI improves accessibility: screen readers, live captions, image descriptions, speech tools and navigation help for p๐AI and the Jobs of the FutureA friendly, balanced look for middle-schoolers at AI and future jobs: which work changes, which new jobs appear, and the๐จAI in Art and MusicHow AI makes art and music: learning patterns from examples, generating new pieces, and honest questions about copying, ๐AI in Everyday LifeA grounded middle-school guide to AI in everyday life: where it really helps, how it works, its real limits and risks, a๐ฆ๏ธAI in Weather ForecastingHow AI helps forecast the weather: a middle-school guide to physics models, machine-learning forecasts like nowcasting, ๐Classification vs PredictionUnderstand the two main jobs of supervised AI: classification sorts things into categories, regression predicts a number๐๏ธComputer Vision and Face RecognitionHow computer vision and face recognition work: from pixels to features to matching faces, plus real limits, errors, bias๐ณDecision Trees ExplainedA clear guide to decision trees in machine learning: how a model learns yes/no questions to sort data, why they are easy๐ฉบHow AI Helps DoctorsA middle-school lesson on how AI supports doctors: reading medical scans, sorting records, predicting risk and speeding ๐๏ธHow AI Recognizes SpeechHow AI recognizes speech, step by step: from sound waves to digital numbers, to phonemes and words, plus why it mishears๐ฏHow Recommendation Systems WorkA middle-school guide to recommendation systems: how YouTube, Netflix and Spotify suggest content using collaborative fi๐How Search Engines WorkA clear middle-school lesson on how search engines work: crawling, indexing, ranking with signals, and how AI shapes res๐งHow Spam Filters WorkHow email spam filters work: a middle-school guide to the rules, machine learning and probability that sort junk mail fr๐How Translation Apps WorkHow translation apps work: from old word-by-word systems to neural machine translation that learns from millions of exam๐คMaking AI Fair for EveryoneA clear middle-school lesson on making AI fair: why AI can be unfair, how biased data causes it, real examples, and what๐ง Neural Networks ExplainedA middle-school guide to neural networks: neurons, weights, layers, activation, and how training with backpropagation le๐ท๏ธSupervised vs Unsupervised LearningA clear guide to supervised vs unsupervised learning: how labelled examples train a model to predict, how unlabelled dat๐ฏTraining, Testing and AccuracyLearn how AI is built: how a model trains on examples, why it must be tested on data it never saw, and what accuracy reaโ๏ธWhat Is Machine Learning?A middle-school guide to machine learning: training data, features, models, neural networks, supervised vs unsupervised
๐ป Coding
๐กBroadcasting Messages in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on broadcasts in Scratch: how 'broadcast' and 'when I receive' let sprites talk to e๐งฎBuilding a Calculator in PythonBuild a working calculator in Python step by step: read numbers with input, do the four operations, handle the divide-by๐ฏCloning Sprites in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on clones in Scratch: how 'create clone', 'when I start as a clone', and 'delete thi๐งฉCreating Custom Blocks in ScratchA middle-school Scratch coding lesson on custom blocks: learn to make your own blocks with My Blocks, add inputs, avoid ๐จCSS Colours and FontsA friendly middle-school lesson on CSS colours and fonts: set text and background colours with names, hex and rgb, choos๐งฉFunctions: Reusable Blocks of CodeA middle-school coding lesson on functions: learn how to define and call functions, pass arguments, return values, and wโฉ๏ธFunctions That Return ValuesUnderstand how Python functions return values: the difference between return and print, capturing results in variables, ๐ขHow Computers Store Data (Binary)Discover how computers store everything as binary: bits and bytes, why machines use only 0s and 1s, how numbers, letters๐ง How the CPU WorksMeet the CPU, the brain of the computer: learn the fetch-decode-execute cycle, what registers and the clock do, how bill๐How the Internet WorksHow the internet works explained simply: IP addresses, packets, servers and clients, DNS, and what happens when you open๐HTML Forms and InputsA clear, hands-on lesson on HTML forms and inputs for middle-school coders: build a form with text boxes, email fields, ๐ท๏ธIntroduction to HTML TagsA beginner-friendly introduction to HTML tags: headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists and the page skeleton. Learn h๐Lists and ArraysLearn what lists and arrays are: how computers store many values in one place, how to add, read, and change items by the๐Loops: Making the Computer RepeatA middle-school coding lesson on loops: learn what loops are, how for and while loops work, why they save time, and see ๐ฎMaking a Platformer in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on building a platformer in Scratch: left and right movement, gravity, jumping with ๐ณNested Loops and PatternsA middle-school coding lesson on nested loops: learn how a loop inside a loop works, why the inner loop runs fully for eโ๏ธPython Comparison and LogicLearn Python comparison and logic: ==, !=, <, >, the True and False booleans, and the and, or, not operators. Build cond๐Python For LoopsLearn Python for loops: loop over lists and strings, use range() to count, build running totals with an accumulator, and๐Python: if, elif, elseMaster Python decisions with if, elif and else: comparison operators, branching, why elif beats stacked ifs, chained conโจ๏ธPython Input and OutputLearn Python input and output: print() with sep and end, reading text with input(), converting strings to numbers with i๐Python Lists in DepthGo deeper with Python lists: indexing, slicing, append, insert, remove, sort and reverse, len, and looping with for. Mas๐Python Loops and ListsCombine Python loops and lists: use a for loop to visit every item, build lists, count and total values, and use range()๐ขPython Numbers and MathLearn Python numbers and math: integers, floats, the arithmetic operators, floor division, modulo, exponents, operator o๐Python While LoopsMaster Python while loops: how a condition controls repetition, updating the loop variable, avoiding infinite loops, bre๐ฒRandom Numbers and Games in PythonMake Python games unpredictable with the random module: use randint, choice, shuffle and random to roll dice, pick cardsโ๏ธWorking with Text and StringsLearn how to work with text and strings in Python: create strings, join them, slice them, change case, find and replace,๐งนWriting Clean Code and CommentsLearn to write clean Python code: clear variable names, helpful comments and docstrings, avoiding repetition with functi