๐ฌ
Middle Ages 11-13
Go deeper: algebra, physics, coding, nature and longer reads.
โ Math
๐Angles in a TriangleDiscover why the angles in a triangle always add up to 180ยฐ, how to find a missing angle, the exterior angle rule, and i๐Area and PerimeterLearn area and perimeter the clear way: the difference between them, formulas for rectangles, squares and triangles, uni๐Area of a TriangleMaster the area of a triangle: why the formula is ยฝ ร base ร height, how to find the perpendicular height, worked exampl๐Area of Parallelograms and TrapeziumsFind the area of parallelograms and trapeziums with clear formulas, why they work, the perpendicular-height rule, and st๐Averages from a Frequency TableFind the mean, median and mode from a frequency table. Learn the fx column method, the cumulative count for the median, ๐ฅคCapacity and Volume in LitresA middle-school math lesson on capacity and volume: litres and millilitres, reading measuring jugs, the link between 1 lโญCircles: Circumference and AreaLearn the parts of a circle and master circumference and area using pi: clear formulas, full worked examples, the radius๐งฎCollecting Like TermsMaster collecting like terms in algebra: spot matching terms, add and subtract their coefficients, handle negatives and ๐Converting Fractions, Decimals and PercentagesConvert between fractions, decimals and percentages with confidence: clear rules for every direction, a handy conversion๐Converting Metric UnitsA middle-school math lesson on converting metric units of length, mass and capacity: the prefix staircase, multiplying a๐งญCoordinates in Four QuadrantsPlot and read coordinates in all four quadrants using positive and negative x and y values. Learn the quadrant signs, th๐ขDecimals ExplainedUnderstand decimals clearly: place value of tenths and hundredths, reading and comparing decimals, and adding, subtractiโDividing DecimalsA middle-school lesson on dividing decimals: divide by a whole number, turn a decimal divisor into a whole number, and uโDividing FractionsMaster dividing fractions with the keep-change-flip method: multiply by the reciprocal, simplify, and divide whole and m๐ขDivisibility RulesQuick divisibility tests for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 โ how to tell if a number divides exactly without doing the โ
Estimation and Checking AnswersLearn to estimate answers and check your work: rounding to estimate, the inverse operation check, the does-it-make-sense๐ฆExpanding BracketsLearn to expand brackets in algebra using the distributive law. Step-by-step worked examples with negative signs, two br๐ฒExperimental vs Theoretical ProbabilityCompare experimental and theoretical probability using relative frequency. Learn to estimate chance from trials, spot bi๐ขExponents and PowersMaster exponents and powers: what a base and exponent mean, squares and cubes, the laws of exponents, the power of zero,๐Graphing Inequalities on a Number LineShow linear inequalities on a number line: open vs closed circles, which way the arrow points, solving first, and readin๐Imperial and Metric UnitsA middle-school math lesson comparing imperial and metric units: inches, feet, miles, pounds, pints versus metric, with โ๏ธInequalitiesUnderstand inequalities: read the four symbols, solve one- and two-step inequalities, plot solutions on a number line, a๐ฐIntroduction to FractionsUnderstand fractions clearly: numerators and denominators, equivalent fractions, comparing and simplifying, plus worked โIntroduction to Integers (Negative Numbers)Meet the integers: positive and negative whole numbers. Learn the number line, absolute value, and the rules for adding,๐Line GraphsA middle-school math lesson on line graphs: plot points, read values, interpret trends and gradients, handle two lines, ๐Lowest Common Multiple and Highest Common FactorLearn the LCM and HCF: how to find the lowest common multiple and highest common factor using lists and prime factors, p๐Mean, Median, Mode and RangeMaster the four key statistics: learn to calculate mean, median, mode and range step by step, when to use each one, and โ๏ธMultiplying DecimalsA middle-school lesson on multiplying decimals: multiply as whole numbers then place the decimal point by counting decimโ๏ธMultiplying FractionsMaster multiplying fractions: multiply tops, multiply bottoms, simplify, and handle whole and mixed numbers. Worked exam๐ขNumber Sequences and the nth TermLearn to find the nth term rule of a linear sequence. Step-by-step worked examples: find the common difference, build thโOperations with Negative NumbersMaster adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing negative numbers: the sign rules, using a number line, and double-n๐งฎOrder of Operations (BODMAS/PEMDAS)Master the order of operations with BODMAS and PEMDAS: brackets, indices, division, multiplication, addition and subtrac๐Percentage Increase and DecreaseA middle-school lesson on percentage increase and decrease using multipliers: build the multiplier, apply it in one step%Finding a Percentage of an AmountLearn to find a percentage of an amount three ways: using 10% and 1% building blocks, fractions, and decimal multipliers๐ท๏ธPercentages in Real Life (Discounts and Tax)Use percentages in everyday situations: work out discounts, sales prices, sales tax and VAT, tips, and percentage increa๐ฏPercentages Made EasyMaster percentages step by step: what percent means, finding a percent of a number, percentage increase and decrease, an๐Perimeter of Compound ShapesLearn to find the perimeter of compound (composite) shapes: how to find missing side lengths, work systematically around๐ฅงPie ChartsA middle-school math lesson on pie charts: read sectors, work out angles and percentages, draw your own pie chart, find ๐ณPrime FactorisationLearn prime factorisation: how to break any number into its prime building blocks using a factor tree, write the answer โ๏ธRatio and Proportion ProblemsMaster ratio and proportion word problems: sharing amounts, scaling recipes, map scales, unit rates, and the unitary metโ๏ธRatios and ProportionsUnderstand ratios and proportions: how to write and simplify a ratio, find equivalent ratios, scale recipes, and solve p๐Rotation and TranslationLearn two key transformations: rotation (turning a shape about a centre by an angle) and translation (sliding a shape). ๐Rounding to Significant FiguresLearn how to round numbers to significant figures: identifying significant figures, the rounding rule, handling zeros an๐Scaling: Times as BigUnderstand multiplication as scaling โ making quantities 'times as big' or 'times as small'. Learn scale factors, how to๐งนSimplifying ExpressionsLearn to simplify algebraic expressions by collecting like terms. Step-by-step worked examples covering signs, multiple โ๏ธSimplifying Fractions Using the HCFA middle-school lesson on simplifying fractions in one step using the highest common factor: find the HCF, divide top anโ๏ธSolving Equations with BracketsLearn to solve linear equations that contain brackets. Step-by-step worked examples: expand, collect like terms, balance๐งฎSolving Two-Step EquationsLearn to solve two-step equations the reliable way: undo operations in reverse order, keep both sides balanced, handle n๐ฆSquare Numbers and Square RootsUnderstand square numbers and square roots: how squaring works, perfect squares, finding and estimating roots, and where๐Substituting into FormulasLearn to substitute numbers into algebraic formulas. Step-by-step worked examples with brackets, powers, negative number๐ฆSurface Area and VolumeLearn surface area and volume of cubes, cuboids, prisms and cylinders with clear formulas and full worked examples, plus๐The Coordinate PlaneLearn the coordinate plane: the x-axis and y-axis, the origin, ordered pairs (x, y), the four quadrants, and how to plot๐The Distributive LawUnderstand the distributive law: how multiplication spreads over addition and subtraction, a(b+c)=ab+ac, using it for me๐The Range and OutliersLearn how the range measures spread, why it is sensitive to outliers, and how to spot and handle outliers in data. Worke๐Time Durations and TimetablesA middle-school math lesson on working out elapsed time and reading bus and train timetables: counting time on in steps,๐ฒTwo-Way TablesMaster two-way tables: read rows, columns and totals, fill in missing values, and pull out probabilities. Clear worked e๐Drawing and Measuring Angles with a ProtractorLearn to measure and draw angles with a protractor: line up the centre and baseline, read the correct scale, avoid the uโญVenn Diagrams and SetsLearn Venn diagrams and sets: what a set is, union and intersection, the universal set and complement, reading overlappiโ๏ธWriting Algebraic ExpressionsLearn to turn words into algebra: choose a variable, translate phrases like 'three more than' or 'twice a number', and w
โ๏ธ Physics
๐Acceleration ExplainedA middle-school physics lesson on acceleration: what it means, the acceleration formula, units of m/sยฒ, deceleration, grโ๏ธBalanced and Unbalanced ForcesA middle-school physics lesson on balanced and unbalanced forces: resultant force, free-body diagrams, how unbalanced fo๐คธCentre of Mass and BalanceA middle-school physics lesson on centre of mass and balance: what the centre of mass is, how to find it, why an object ๐ฅConduction, Convection and RadiationA middle-school physics lesson on the three ways heat travels: conduction, convection and radiation. Worked examples, re๐Distance-Time GraphsA middle-school physics lesson on distance-time graphs: how to read them, what the gradient means, calculating speed fro๐ฆEchoes and UltrasoundA middle-school physics lesson on echoes and ultrasound: how sound reflects, how to calculate distance from echo time, wโกElectric Charge, Conductors and InsulatorsA middle-school physics lesson on electric charge: protons and electrons, conductors vs insulators, charging by friction๐Electricity Basics: Circuits and CurrentA middle-school physics lesson on electricity: electric charge, current, voltage, resistance, series and parallel circuiโป๏ธEnergy Efficiency and TransfersA middle-school physics lesson on energy transfers and efficiency: conservation of energy, useful vs wasted energy, SankโกThe Many Forms of EnergyA middle-school physics lesson on forms of energy: kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, light and sound, e๐Friction: The Force That Slows Things DownA physics lesson on friction for ages 9-13: learn what friction is, why surfaces grip, how lubricants and drag work, whe๐ฅHeat and How It TravelsA middle-school physics lesson on heat: temperature vs heat energy, and the three ways heat travels โ conduction, convec๐ Household Electricity and SafetyA middle-school physics lesson on household electricity: AC mains, the live, neutral and earth wires, how fuses, earthin๐ฒHow a Bicycle WorksA middle-school physics lesson on how a bicycle works: balance and gyroscopic effect, gears and force, friction in brake๐งHow a Fridge Keeps Food ColdA middle-school physics lesson on how a refrigerator works: evaporation cooling, the refrigerant cycle, compressor and c๐How Lenses WorkA middle-school physics lesson on how lenses work: convex and concave lenses, refraction, focal length, real and virtual๐ธHow Musical Instruments Make NotesA middle-school physics lesson on how instruments make notes: vibrations, resonance, standing waves, why strings and pip๐ญHow We Generate ElectricityA middle-school physics lesson on generating electricity: turbines, generators and electromagnetic induction, fossil fue๐ชLevers and MomentsA middle-school physics lesson on levers and moments: the law of the lever, the principle of moments, pivots, effort and๐ชMeasuring Forces with SpringsA middle-school physics lesson on measuring forces with springs and newton-meters: Hooke's law, F = kx, the elastic limi๐ฐ๏ธOrbits and SatellitesA middle-school physics lesson on orbits and satellites: how gravity keeps moons and satellites in orbit, why they don't๐ข๏ธPressure and HydraulicsA middle-school physics lesson on pressure and hydraulics: the pressure formula, why pressure spreads through liquids, P๐Pressure in Liquids and GasesA middle-school physics lesson on pressure in fluids: what pressure is, why it increases with depth, atmospheric pressur๐Seismic Waves: P-waves and S-wavesA middle-school physics lesson on seismic waves: how earthquakes make P-waves and S-waves, why P-waves arrive first, how๐Series and Parallel CircuitsA middle-school physics lesson on series and parallel circuits: how current, voltage and brightness behave in each, work๐Speed, Distance and TimeA middle-school physics lesson on speed, distance and time: the speed formula, average vs instantaneous speed, units, di๐Speed-Time GraphsA middle-school physics lesson on speed-time graphs: reading them, finding acceleration from the gradient, distance fromโญThe Life Cycle of StarsA middle-school physics lesson on the life cycle of stars: how stars are born in nebulae, shine by nuclear fusion, and dโ๏ธThe Particle Model of MatterA middle-school physics lesson on the particle model of matter: tiny moving particles, how they explain solids, liquids โ๏ธThe Physics of FlightA middle-school physics lesson on how planes fly: the four forces of flight (lift, weight, thrust, drag), how wings make๐ชThe Solar System and GravityA middle-school physics lesson on the solar system and gravity: the Sun, planets, orbits, why we have day and night and โกVoltage, Current and ResistanceA middle-school physics lesson on voltage, current and resistance and how Ohm's law links them. Worked V=IR examples, thใฐ๏ธWavelength, Frequency and AmplitudeA middle-school physics lesson on wavelength, frequency and amplitude: what each wave property means, the wave equation ๐Waves and VibrationsA middle-school physics lesson on waves and vibrations: transverse and longitudinal waves, wavelength, frequency, amplitโ๏ธWeight vs MassA middle-school physics lesson on the difference between weight and mass: why mass stays the same everywhere, how weight๐ค๏ธWhy the Sky Is BlueA middle-school physics lesson on why the sky is blue: how sunlight is made of colours, how air scatters blue light most
๐ฟ Nature
๐งชAcids and BasesAcids and bases explained for middle-school students: the pH scale, how acids and bases react, neutralisation, indicator๐ฌ๏ธAir Pressure and WindDiscover what air pressure is and how it creates wind. Learn about high and low pressure, the barometer, why air moves a๐ฆทAnimal Teeth and DietsExplore how animal teeth match their diets for middle-grade students: incisors, canines and molars, why herbivore and caโ๏ธAtoms and MoleculesAtoms and molecules explained for middle-school students: protons, neutrons and electrons, elements and the periodic tab๐Build a Density TowerA middle-school science lesson and safe experiment: stack liquids into a colourful density tower, drop in objects that f๐ชฐCarnivorous Plants: The Plants That Catch AnimalsCarnivorous plants explained for middle school: how Venus flytraps, pitcher plants and sundews trap and digest insects, ๐ฌCells: The Building Blocks of LifeCells explained for students: the smallest unit of life, plant vs animal cells, the parts of a cell and their jobs, how โ๏ธChemical Reactions and Signs of ChangeChemical reactions explained for middle-school students: how reactants turn into new products, the five signs a reaction๐ชธCoral Reefs and Why They MatterCoral reefs explained for middle-school students: how corals build reefs, the animals that depend on them, why reefs mat๐Earthquakes and TsunamisEarthquakes and tsunamis explained for middle school: how tectonic plates cause earthquakes, how seismic waves are measu๐งฌElements, Compounds and MixturesElements, compounds and mixtures explained for middle-school students: the difference between a pure element, a compound๐ฆ
Food Chains and EcosystemsUnderstand food chains, food webs and ecosystems: producers, consumers, predators and decomposers. Real examples, energy๐Galaxies and the Milky WayGalaxies and the Milky Way explained for ages 11-14: what a galaxy is, the shape and size of our Milky Way, spiral, elli๐ซGas Exchange in the LungsA middle-school lesson on gas exchange: how the alveoli swap oxygen for carbon dioxide, why the lungs have a huge surfac๐งฌHormones and Growing UpA middle-school lesson on hormones: the chemical messengers that control growth, energy, mood and puberty, the main glan๐ฆHow Caves FormHow caves form, explained for middle school: solution caves dissolved by acidic water, stalactites and stalagmites, sea ๐ฆดHow Fossils FormHow fossils form, explained for middle school: the step-by-step process of fossilisation, the different types of fossils๐ตHow Plants Defend ThemselvesHow do plants protect themselves without moving? A middle-school lesson on thorns, stinging hairs, poisons, bad tastes a๐How Rockets WorkA clear lesson on rocket science for ages 11-14: Newton's third law, thrust and exhaust, why rockets carry their own oxy๐Hurricanes and TornadoesCompare hurricanes and tornadoes: how each forms, why they spin, how scientists measure them, real-world examples, safet๐ชJupiter and Saturn: The Giant PlanetsA lesson on the gas giants for ages 11-14: why Jupiter and Saturn are so huge, the Great Red Spot, Saturn's rings, their๐The Layers of the AtmosphereExplore the five layers of Earth's atmosphere: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Where ๐Lichens: Nature's Air DetectivesA middle-school biology lesson on lichens: the fungus-and-algae partnership, how they survive almost anywhere, why they ๐ดMars: The Red PlanetA clear lesson on Mars for ages 11-14: why it looks red, its thin air, the giant volcano Olympus Mons, the great canyon ๐ฉMetals and Non-MetalsMetals and non-metals explained for middle-school students: how to tell them apart by shine, conductivity, malleability ๐ฟMosses and Ferns: The Ancient Plants Without FlowersMosses and ferns explained for middle school: ancient plants with no flowers or seeds, how they reproduce with spores, w๐Natural Disasters: Floods, Droughts and StormsNatural disasters explained for students: what causes floods, droughts and storms, why they happen, how scientists predi๐ฟPhotosynthesis ExplainedPhotosynthesis explained for middle school: how plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and oxygenโกRenewable and Non-Renewable EnergyRenewable and non-renewable energy explained for students: fossil fuels, solar, wind, water and nuclear power, why energ๐ฆReptiles and Amphibians: What's the Difference?Reptiles vs amphibians explained for middle-grade students: skin, eggs, breathing, life cycles and habitats compared, wi๐ปTardigrades: The Toughest Animals on EarthA middle-school biology lesson on tardigrades (water bears): microscopic animals that survive boiling, freezing, drought๐ญTelescopes and Studying SpaceHow telescopes work and how scientists study space, for ages 11-14: refractors and reflectors, light-gathering and magni๐ง The Brain and Nervous SystemA middle-school lesson on the nervous system: neurons, the brain's main regions, the spinal cord, reflexes, and how elecโป๏ธThe Carbon CycleThe carbon cycle explained for students: how carbon moves between the air, living things, oceans and rocks, the role of ๐ซThe Circulatory System: Heart and BloodHow the heart and blood work, for middle school: the four heart chambers, arteries, veins and capillaries, what blood ca๐ฝ๏ธThe Digestive SystemHow the digestive system works, explained for middle school: mouth, stomach, small and large intestine, enzymes and nutr๐The Greenhouse EffectUnderstand the greenhouse effect: how greenhouse gases trap heat and keep Earth warm, why human activity is strengthenin๐ฆดThe Human SkeletonThe human skeleton explained for students: the 206 bones, what they are made of, the jobs of the skeleton, joints and mu๐ฐ๏ธThe International Space StationA lesson on the International Space Station for ages 11-14: what the ISS is, how it orbits Earth, why astronauts float, ๐ซThe Kidneys and Keeping Clean InsideA middle-school lesson on the urinary system: how the kidneys filter your blood, make urine, balance water and salts, an๐The Moon LandingsThe story of the Apollo Moon landings for ages 11-14: the space race, Apollo 11 and the first steps in 1969, what astron๐งชThe Periodic Table for BeginnersThe periodic table explained for middle-school students: what elements are, how the table is organised into groups and p๐ฅฌThe Red Cabbage pH IndicatorA middle-school chemistry lesson and safe kitchen experiment: make a colour-changing pH indicator from red cabbage, test๐ซThe Respiratory System: How We BreatheHow breathing works, for middle school: the path of air through nose, trachea and lungs, the alveoli, gas exchange, the ๐ชจThe Rock CycleThe rock cycle explained for middle school: how igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks form and change over millions๐ฆThe Savanna Grassland BiomeThe savanna biome explained for middle-school students: its wet and dry seasons, grasses and scattered trees, famous Afr๐ซThe Systems of the Human BodyExplore the human body systems: circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, skeletal and muscular systems explained fo๐ชจThe Three Types of RocksA deeper look at igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks for middle school: how each forms, real rock examples, cryst๐Vitamins and MineralsA middle-school lesson on micronutrients: what vitamins and minerals are, the jobs of key ones like vitamin C, vitamin D๐๏ธWeathering and ErosionWeathering and erosion explained for middle school: how rock breaks down and gets carried away, the difference between t๐ฆWetlands: Nature's Water FiltersWetlands explained for middle-school students: what marshes, swamps and bogs are, how they clean water and stop floods,
๐ Stories
๐๏ธEchoes in the CanyonAn original adventure story for ages 10-13: two siblings lost in a desert canyon learn to listen, work together, and fol๐The Bell That Rang in ReverseAn original mystery for ages 11-13: when a village bell starts ringing backwards, Wren follows the sound to uncover a se๐ฐ๏ธThe Clock That Ran BackwardsAn original mystery for ages 11-13: a strange clock in a repair shop runs backwards, and Mira's investigation reveals a ๐ฐ๏ธThe Clockmaker's SecretAn original middle-grade short story for ages 10-13: an apprentice inherits her grandfather's mysterious clock shop and ๐ฆThe Clockwork BirdAn original story for ages 10-13: a young inventor mends a broken clockwork bird and learns that real songs come from th๐The Code in the Old DiaryAn original mystery for ages 11-13: an old diary full of strange symbols leads Priya to crack a secret code and solve a ๐ฅThe Firebird and Prince IvanA retelling of the classic Russian folk tale of the Firebird, Prince Ivan, the Grey Wolf and the Princess Helena, for ag๐ฆThe Fossil That BlinkedAn original sci-fi mystery for ages 11-13: when a fossil in the school museum blinks back at her, Noor uncovers a creatu๐ฑThe Garden on the Space StationAn original sci-fi story for ages 11-13: when a space station's garden starts dying, young Leo solves the mystery and leโญThe Girl Who Mapped the StarsAn original story for ages 10-13: a curious girl in a lighthouse town charts the night sky, faces doubters, and helps lo๐ฑThe Greenhouse on Platform ZeroAn original sci-fi story for ages 11-13: on a crowded space station, Idris discovers a forgotten greenhouse that may be โ๏ธThe Inventor's ApprenticeAn original story for ages 10-13: a stubborn apprentice wants to build something brilliant on her first day, but learns ๐ถThe Island of Forgotten SongsAn original story for ages 10-13: a quiet girl sails to a vanishing island where every tune the world has forgotten is k๐The Last Library on MarsAn original sci-fi story for ages 11-13: on a struggling Mars colony, a girl fights to save a forgotten library and disc๐The Legend of the Northern LightsA retelling of the legends of the Northern Lights from Arctic and Nordic peoples, for ages 10-13, with a thoughtful mora๐๏ธThe Museum of Impossible ThingsAn original sci-fi mystery for ages 11-13: a museum's impossible exhibits hide a secret, and Jonah's curiosity uncovers ๐The Mystery of the Old LibraryAn original mystery story for ages 10-13: Maya and Theo follow hidden clues through a dusty old library to uncover a kin๐ชThe Orchard Beneath EuropaA thoughtful sci-fi story for ages 10-13 about Yara, a girl on a research station under the ice of Jupiter's moon, who d๐๏ธThe River That Ran UphillAn original story for ages 10-13: when a village's river mysteriously flows backward up the mountain, a curious boy foll๐กThe Signal from Station NineAn original sci-fi mystery for ages 11-13: aboard an abandoned space station, young engineer Reza chases a repeating sig๐The Thirteenth-Floor ButtonAn original fantasy mystery for ages 11-13: Priya presses an elevator button for a floor that shouldn't exist and steps ๐ทThe Thirty-Second PhotographA clever mystery story for ages 10-13 about Jonas, who inherits an old camera that photographs thirty seconds into the f๐ดThe Trojan HorseA retelling of the legend of the Trojan Horse and the fall of Troy for ages 10-13, with a moral about cleverness and a c๐๏ธThe Vanishing LakeAn original mystery for ages 11-13: when their town's lake disappears overnight, two friends follow the clues undergroun
๐ Books
โ๏ธA Short History of FlightA free online non-fiction book for ages 9-12: the story of flight from early dreamers and hot air balloons to the Wrightโ๏ธA Short History of MedicineA free non-fiction mini-book for ages 11-14: the story of medicine from ancient healers to germs, vaccines, antibiotics ๐A Short History of Space ExplorationA free non-fiction mini-book for kids: from the first rockets and Sputnik to the Moon landings, Mars rovers and the sear๐๏ธAncient IndiaA free online non-fiction history book for ages 9-13 about Ancient India: the Indus Valley cities, the Vedic age, the Ma๐ญAstronomers Who Mapped the SkyA free non-fiction book: meet Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Caroline Herschel, Henrietta Leavitt, Edwin Hubble, Cecilia P๐Climate Zones and Biomes of the EarthA free non-fiction geography book for ages 10-13: explore the Earth's climate zones and great biomes โ rainforests, dese๐Earthquakes and the Restless EarthA free non-fiction geography book for ages 10-13: discover why the ground shakes โ how the Earth's tectonic plates move,โ๏ธFamous Writers Who Shaped LiteratureA free non-fiction book: meet Homer, Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Dickens, Tolstoy, Twain, Achebe and Toni Morrison, and th๐๏ธGreat Cities of the WorldA free non-fiction geography book for ages 10-13: explore the world's great cities โ how cities grow, why they sit where๐ผGreat Composers of Classical MusicA free non-fiction book: meet Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Tchaikovsky, Clara Schumann, Stravinsky and Florence Pric๐กGreat Inventions That Changed the WorldA free non-fiction mini-book for kids: discover the wheel, printing press, electricity, the telephone, flight and other ๐Great Kingdoms of AfricaA free online non-fiction history book for ages 9-13 about the great kingdoms of Africa: Aksum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, GrโGreat Mathematicians and Their IdeasA free non-fiction book: meet Pythagoras, Euclid, Archimedes, al-Khwarizmi, Newton, Gauss, Ramanujan and Emmy Noether, a๐How Bridges and Buildings Stand UpA free non-fiction mini-book on structural engineering for kids: forces, arches, beams, trusses, suspension bridges, fou๐ง How Your Brain WorksA free non-fiction mini-book for ages 11-14: discover neurons, memory, emotions, the senses and sleep, and learn how you๐งญLegendary Explorers of the PolesA free non-fiction book: meet Nansen, Amundsen, Scott, Shackleton, Peary, Henson, Matthew Henson's Arctic feats and Ann ๐Legendary Leaders and ChangemakersA free non-fiction book for ages 10-13: meet leaders and changemakers like Mandela, Gandhi, Lincoln, Wangari Maathai, El๐ฐLife in Medieval TimesA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 about the Middle Ages: the feudal system, castles and knights, peasants and to๐งญMaps and NavigationA free non-fiction geography book for ages 10-13: discover how maps work, how to read scale, symbols and grid references๐คMusicians Who Changed MusicA free non-fiction book: meet Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, Aretha Franklin, The Beatles, Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix, B๐คPhilosophers Who Asked Big QuestionsA free non-fiction book: meet Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, Hypatia, Descartes, Mary Wollstonecraft and Simone ๐ฉบPioneering Doctors Who Saved LivesA free non-fiction book: meet Hippocrates, Edward Jenner, Florence Nightingale, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Marie Curi๐
Sporting Heroes and Their TriumphsA free non-fiction book: meet Jesse Owens, Muhammad Ali, Pelรฉ, Nadia Comaneci, Serena Williams, Usain Bolt, Simone Biles๐งญThe Age of ExplorationA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on the Age of Exploration: why Europeans sailed the oceans, Columbus and da Ga๐The Ancient ChineseA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on ancient China: the great dynasties, the first emperor, the Great Wall, silk๐บThe Ancient EgyptiansA non-fiction book for ages 10-13 on ancient Egypt: the River Nile, pharaohs and pyramids, gods and mummies, hieroglyphs๐๏ธThe Ancient GreeksA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on ancient Greece: city-states, democracy in Athens, the warriors of Sparta, g๐๏ธThe Ancient RomansA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on ancient Rome: from a city to a mighty empire, the army and roads, emperors,๐งThe Arctic and AntarcticaA free non-fiction geography book for ages 10-13: explore the frozen poles โ the Arctic Ocean of the north and the icy c๐The Five Oceans of the WorldA free non-fiction geography book for ages 10-13: discover the five oceans of the world โ Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Sou๐ซThe Human Body: An Owner's GuideA free non-fiction mini-book for kids: explore the skeleton, muscles, heart, lungs, brain and digestion, and learn how y๐งฌThe Human Genome and DNAA free non-fiction mini-book for ages 11-14: discover DNA, genes, chromosomes and the human genome โ the secret code of ๐ญThe Industrial RevolutionA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on the Industrial Revolution: the steam engine, factories and machines, railwa๐The Kingdom of FungiA free non-fiction book for ages 9-13: discover fungi, why they are not plants, how mushrooms grow, the hidden world of โญThe Life of StarsA free online non-fiction book for ages 10-13: discover what stars really are, how they are born in vast clouds of gas, ๐ฌThe Living CellA free non-fiction mini-book for ages 11-14: discover the cell, the tiny building block of all living things, and the bu๐ฟThe Maya and the AztecsA non-fiction history book for ages 10-13 on the Maya and the Aztecs: great cities and pyramids, astronomy and calendars๐นThe Mongol EmpireA free online non-fiction history book for ages 9-13 about the Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan, fearless horse warriors, the๐The Ottoman EmpireA free online non-fiction history book for ages 9-13 about the Ottoman Empire: the rise of the Ottoman Turks, the fall o๐ฒThe Secret Life of TreesA free non-fiction book for ages 9-13: how trees grow, make food from sunlight, defend themselves, talk through undergro๐ฌThe Story of CinemaA free online non-fiction book for ages 10-13: discover how moving pictures were invented, why our eyes are fooled into ๐ปThe Story of ComputersA free non-fiction mini-book on the history of computers: from the abacus and Babbage's engines to room-sized machines, โกThe Story of ElectricityA free online non-fiction book for ages 11-14: discover what electricity is, how circuits and currents work, the scienti๐ฆThe Story of EvolutionA free non-fiction mini-book for ages 11-14: discover how life on Earth changed over billions of years through natural s๐The Story of PrintingA free online non-fiction history book for ages 9-13 on the story of printing: from handwritten scrolls and woodblocks t๐คThe Story of RobotsA free online non-fiction book for ages 10-13: discover what a robot really is, how robots sense, think and move, where ๐งชThe Story of the Periodic TableA free non-fiction mini-book for ages 11-14: discover atoms, elements and the brilliant pattern of the periodic table th๐ญThe Story of the TelescopeA free online non-fiction book for ages 10-13: discover how the telescope was invented, how lenses and mirrors gather li๐ญThe Story of TheatreA free online non-fiction book for ages 10-13: discover how theatre began in ancient times, how plays are made, the work๐The Story of TransportA free online non-fiction history book for ages 9-13 on the story of transport: from walking and the wheel to ships, tra๐คThe Story of Writing and the AlphabetA non-fiction book for ages 10-13 on the history of writing: from cave marks and cuneiform to hieroglyphs, the first alp๐ฆ The Tiny World of MicrobesA free online non-fiction book for ages 11-14: explore the invisible world of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microbe๐๏ธThe Wonders of the Ancient WorldA free online non-fiction history book for ages 9-13: discover the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, from the Great Py๐ฆThe World of Reptiles and AmphibiansA free non-fiction book for ages 9-13: the differences between reptiles and amphibians, how snakes, lizards, turtles, fr๐๏ธThe World's Great RiversA free non-fiction geography book for ages 10-13: discover the world's great rivers โ the Nile, Amazon, Mississippi, Yan๐Women Who Changed the WorldA free non-fiction mini-book about remarkable women in history: Marie Curie, Ada Lovelace, Rosa Parks, Wangari Maathai,
โฝ Sport
๐ชBodyweight Strength ExercisesLearn safe bodyweight strength exercises for young athletes: how muscles get stronger, correct form for squats, push-ups๐โโ๏ธBuilding Stamina and EnduranceLearn how to build stamina and endurance: what aerobic fitness is, how the body adapts to cardio training, and a safe, b๐งฑCore Strength and StabilityDiscover what your core really is and why core strength matters for posture, power and injury prevention. Learn safe corโค๏ธExercise and a Healthy HeartDiscover how exercise builds a healthy heart: how the heart works, what aerobic activity does to it, why a strong heart ๐ก๏ธExercising Safely in Hot and Cold WeatherLearn how your body controls its temperature during exercise and how to stay safe in heat and cold: spotting warning sig๐คบFencing: The Sport of the SwordDiscover fencing: the three weapons (foil, epee and sabre), how points are scored, the safety equipment that makes it po๐คธFlexibility and StretchingLearn about flexibility and stretching: what flexibility is, the difference between dynamic and static stretches, when t๐ซHow the Heart and Lungs Work During ExerciseLearn how your heart and lungs work during exercise: how oxygen reaches your muscles, why your heart beats faster, and h๐ฏHow to Set Fitness GoalsLearn how to set fitness goals that actually work: use the SMART method, balance outcome and process goals, track progre๐ชHow Your Body Grows Stronger With ExerciseDiscover how the body adapts to exercise: why muscles, heart, bones and lungs get stronger, the role of rest and food, a๐ชHow Your Muscles WorkDiscover how your muscles work: how they contract to pull bones, why muscles work in pairs, what makes them stronger, an๐งHydration and ExerciseUnderstand hydration and exercise: why water matters, how sweating cools you, the signs of dehydration, when to use spor๐Ice Hockey: The Fastest Team Sport on IceDiscover ice hockey: how the game works, the rules, the positions, the equipment that keeps players safe, and the skills๐Moving to Feel Good and Reduce StressLearn how exercise boosts mood and reduces stress: the brain chemistry behind 'feeling good', how movement calms worry, ๐ฃRowing: Power, Rhythm and Teamwork on the WaterLearn about rowing: how boats and oars work, the difference between sculling and sweep rowing, the role of the cox, the ๐Sports Around the WorldTake a tour of sports around the world: from soccer and cricket to kabaddi, sumo, hurling, and sepak takraw. Learn how c๐ฉนBasic Sports First Aid: The RICE MethodLearn basic sports first aid and the RICE method, Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation, for treating sprains and strains๐พSquash: The Fast Game of the Four-Walled CourtDiscover squash: how this fast racket sport works, the rules, why you share one court and hit the same walls, the import๐Surfing: Riding the Ocean's WavesLearn about surfing: how ocean waves form and break, the parts of a surfboard, the key skills of paddling and the pop-up๐คTeamwork and SportsmanshipLearn about teamwork and sportsmanship in sport: how to play your role on a team, communicate, win and lose gracefully, ๐ฃThe Basics of RowingLearn how rowing works: sculling versus sweep, the four parts of the stroke, why teamwork and rhythm matter, the cox's j๐The Basics of SurfingAn introduction to surfing: how waves work, paddling and the pop-up, surf etiquette and right of way, reading the ocean,๐
The Olympic GamesDiscover the Olympic Games: their ancient Greek origins, the modern revival, the meaning of the five rings, the Olympic ๐ฆพThe Paralympic GamesLearn about the Paralympic Games: their history, what they celebrate, how athletes are grouped by classification, the ra๐คบThe Rules of FencingDiscover the rules and skills of fencing: the three weapons (foil, epee and sabre), target areas, right of way, the on-g๐The Rules of Ice HockeyA clear lesson on the rules and skills of ice hockey: how to score, the offside and icing rules, key positions, skating ๐พThe Rules of SquashA beginner's guide to the rules and skills of squash: how to serve and score, the tin and out lines, sharing the court s๐คฝThe Rules of Water PoloLearn the rules and skills of water polo: how to score in the pool, the key fouls, treading water with the eggbeater kic๐คฝWater Polo: Football and Swimming CombinedLearn about water polo: how this tough team sport works, the rules, the positions, the famous 'eggbeater' kick, and why ๐ดWhy Sleep Matters for AthletesDiscover why sleep matters for athletes: how sleep repairs muscles, builds skills, releases growth hormone, sharpens rea
๐ค AI
โฟAI and Accessibility: Helping EveryoneHow AI improves accessibility: screen readers, live captions, image descriptions, speech tools and navigation help for p๐จAI and Creativity: Can Machines Be Creative?A middle-school AI lesson on AI and creativity: how AI makes art, music and stories by remixing patterns, what real crea๐AI and the Jobs of the FutureA friendly, balanced look for middle-schoolers at AI and future jobs: which work changes, which new jobs appear, and the๐จAI in Art and MusicHow AI makes art and music: learning patterns from examples, generating new pieces, and honest questions about copying, ๐AI in Everyday LifeA grounded middle-school guide to AI in everyday life: where it really helps, how it works, its real limits and risks, a๐AI in Space ExplorationA clear middle-grade guide to AI in space exploration: how rovers drive themselves, how AI sorts telescope data and planโฝAI in SportsA clear middle-grade guide to AI in sports: how teams use data and machine learning to track players, scout talent, judg๐ฆ๏ธAI in Weather ForecastingHow AI helps forecast the weather: a middle-school guide to physics models, machine-learning forecasts like nowcasting, ๐Classification vs PredictionUnderstand the two main jobs of supervised AI: classification sorts things into categories, regression predicts a number๐๏ธComputer Vision and Face RecognitionHow computer vision and face recognition work: from pixels to features to matching faces, plus real limits, errors, bias๐ณDecision Trees ExplainedA clear guide to decision trees in machine learning: how a model learns yes/no questions to sort data, why they are easy๐Expert Systems and RulesDiscover expert systems: older AI that uses hand-written if-then rules to make decisions like a specialist. See how they๐ฉบHow AI Helps DoctorsA middle-school lesson on how AI supports doctors: reading medical scans, sorting records, predicting risk and speeding ๐๏ธHow AI Recognizes SpeechHow AI recognizes speech, step by step: from sound waves to digital numbers, to phonemes and words, plus why it mishears๐ฏHow Recommendation Systems WorkA middle-school guide to recommendation systems: how YouTube, Netflix and Spotify suggest content using collaborative fi๐How Search Engines WorkA clear middle-school lesson on how search engines work: crawling, indexing, ranking with signals, and how AI shapes res๐งHow Spam Filters WorkHow email spam filters work: a middle-school guide to the rules, machine learning and probability that sort junk mail fr๐How to Write Good PromptsLearn prompt basics for AI chatbots: give a role, context, a clear task, examples and a format. See concrete before-and-๐How Translation Apps WorkHow translation apps work: from old word-by-word systems to neural machine translation that learns from millions of exam๐คMaking AI Fair for EveryoneA clear middle-school lesson on making AI fair: why AI can be unfair, how biased data causes it, real examples, and what๐ง Neural Networks ExplainedA middle-school guide to neural networks: neurons, weights, layers, activation, and how training with backpropagation le๐ท๏ธSupervised vs Unsupervised LearningA clear guide to supervised vs unsupervised learning: how labelled examples train a model to predict, how unlabelled dat๐ฏTraining, Testing and AccuracyLearn how AI is built: how a model trains on examples, why it must be tested on data it never saw, and what accuracy rea๐งฉWhat Are Tokens in AI?Understand tokens: the chunks of text an AI reads and writes. Learn how words split into tokens, why context windows andโ๏ธWhat Is Machine Learning?A middle-school guide to machine learning: training data, features, models, neural networks, supervised vs unsupervised
๐ป Coding
๐กBroadcasting Messages in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on broadcasts in Scratch: how 'broadcast' and 'when I receive' let sprites talk to e๐งฎBuilding a Calculator in PythonBuild a working calculator in Python step by step: read numbers with input, do the four operations, handle the divide-by๐จBuilding a Drawing App in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on building a drawing app in Scratch with the pen: draw with the mouse, lift the pen๐งบCatch the Falling Objects Game in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on building a catch-the-falling-objects game in Scratch: a basket you move, apples t๐ฏCloning Sprites in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on clones in Scratch: how 'create clone', 'when I start as a clone', and 'delete thi๐งฉCreating Custom Blocks in ScratchA middle-school Scratch coding lesson on custom blocks: learn to make your own blocks with My Blocks, add inputs, avoid ๐จCSS Colours and FontsA friendly middle-school lesson on CSS colours and fonts: set text and background colours with names, hex and rgb, choos๐ฒBuild a Dice Roller in PythonCode a virtual dice roller in Python. Roll one die or many, choose how many sides, add up the total and show ASCII dice ๐งฉFunctions: Reusable Blocks of CodeA middle-school coding lesson on functions: learn how to define and call functions, pass arguments, return values, and wโฉ๏ธFunctions That Return ValuesUnderstand how Python functions return values: the difference between return and print, capturing results in variables, โฝGravity and Bouncing Physics in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on simple physics in Scratch: make a ball fall with gravity using a velocity variabl๐ขHow Computers Store Data (Binary)Discover how computers store everything as binary: bits and bytes, why machines use only 0s and 1s, how numbers, letters๐ผ๏ธHow Images Are Stored: Pixels and ColourDiscover how computers store images as a grid of pixels, how RGB colour and hex codes work, what resolution and bit dept๐How Sound Is Stored DigitallyLearn how computers turn sound into numbers using sampling, sample rate and bit depth, why CD audio uses 44,100 samples ๐ง How the CPU WorksMeet the CPU, the brain of the computer: learn the fetch-decode-execute cycle, what registers and the clock do, how bill๐How the Internet WorksHow the internet works explained simply: IP addresses, packets, servers and clients, DNS, and what happens when you open๐HTML Forms and InputsA clear, hands-on lesson on HTML forms and inputs for middle-school coders: build a form with text boxes, email fields, ๐ท๏ธIntroduction to HTML TagsA beginner-friendly introduction to HTML tags: headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists and the page skeleton. Learn h๐Lists and ArraysLearn what lists and arrays are: how computers store many values in one place, how to add, read, and change items by the๐๏ธLoading Data into Python with Lists and DictionariesGet real data into Python: build it as lists, dictionaries and lists-of-dicts, then loop, filter, count and summarise it๐Loops: Making the Computer RepeatA middle-school coding lesson on loops: learn what loops are, how for and while loops work, why they save time, and see ๐Build a Mad Libs Game in PythonCode a funny Mad Libs word game in Python. Collect nouns, verbs and adjectives with input, slot them into a story with f๐ฎMaking a Platformer in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on building a platformer in Scratch: left and right movement, gravity, jumping with ๐Making a Pong Game in ScratchA step-by-step middle-school lesson on building Pong in Scratch: a bouncing ball, a paddle you control with the mouse, b๐ณNested Loops and PatternsA middle-school coding lesson on nested loops: learn how a loop inside a loop works, why the inner loop runs fully for e๐ขBuild a Number Guessing Game in PythonCode a complete number guessing game in Python: the computer picks a secret number, you guess, and it gives higher/lowerโ๏ธPython Comparison and LogicLearn Python comparison and logic: ==, !=, <, >, the True and False booleans, and the and, or, not operators. Build cond๐Python For LoopsLearn Python for loops: loop over lists and strings, use range() to count, build running totals with an accumulator, and๐Python: if, elif, elseMaster Python decisions with if, elif and else: comparison operators, branching, why elif beats stacked ifs, chained conโจ๏ธPython Input and OutputLearn Python input and output: print() with sep and end, reading text with input(), converting strings to numbers with i๐Python Lists in DepthGo deeper with Python lists: indexing, slicing, append, insert, remove, sort and reverse, len, and looping with for. Mas๐Python Loops and ListsCombine Python loops and lists: use a for loop to visit every item, build lists, count and total values, and use range()๐ขPython Numbers and MathLearn Python numbers and math: integers, floats, the arithmetic operators, floor division, modulo, exponents, operator o๐Python While LoopsMaster Python while loops: how a condition controls repetition, updating the loop variable, avoiding infinite loops, bre๐ฒRandom Numbers and Games in PythonMake Python games unpredictable with the random module: use randint, choice, shuffle and random to roll dice, pick cardsโBuild Rock Paper Scissors in PythonCode the classic Rock Paper Scissors game in Python against the computer. Learn input, random.choice, comparing strings ๐ฅ๏ธWhat Is an Operating System?What is an operating system? Learn how the OS manages the CPU, memory, files, and devices, what a kernel does, and exampโ๏ธWorking with Text and StringsLearn how to work with text and strings in Python: create strings, join them, slice them, change case, find and replace,๐งนWriting Clean Code and CommentsLearn to write clean Python code: clear variable names, helpful comments and docstrings, avoiding repetition with functi