βοΈ
Physics
Forces, energy, light and the laws that run the universe.
97 lessons
π§Έ Early Years
Ages 4-6
πDay and Night: Why the Sky ChangesAn early-years physics lesson on day and night: why it gets light and dark, how the spinning Earth makes day turn into nποΈFast and Slow: All About SpeedAn early-years physics lesson about speed: what fast and slow mean, how to compare how quick things move, and a safe rolπFloating and SinkingA first physics lesson for ages 4-6 about floating and sinking: find out why some things float on water and others sink,π‘οΈHot and Cold: All About TemperatureA first physics lesson for ages 4-6 about hot and cold: learn what temperature means, how a thermometer works, and how tπPushes and Pulls: How Things MoveA first physics lesson for ages 4-6 about pushes and pulls: learn how forces make things move, stop, speed up, slow down
π Primary
Ages 7-10
πͺAir Resistance and DragA primary physics lesson on air resistance and drag: why a feather falls slowly, how shape and speed change the push of π§Changing States: Melting, Freezing, EvaporatingA primary physics lesson on changing states of matter: melting, freezing, evaporating and condensing, how heat changes sπColours and FiltersA primary physics lesson on colours and filters: how white light splits into a rainbow, why objects look coloured, how cπDensity: Why Things Float or SinkA primary physics lesson on density: what density means, why heavy things can float and light things can sink, comparingπ§²ElectromagnetsA primary physics lesson on electromagnets: how electricity through a coil makes a magnet you can switch on and off, whaπ‘οΈExpansion and ContractionA primary physics lesson on expansion and contraction: how things get bigger when heated and smaller when cooled, with eβοΈGears and How They WorkA primary physics lesson on gears: how toothed wheels turn each other, why neighbouring gears spin opposite ways, how biπGravity ExplainedA primary physics lesson on gravity: learn why things fall down, how gravity holds us on Earth, why the Moon orbits us, π§€Heat Conductors and InsulatorsA primary physics lesson on heat conductors and insulators: why metal feels cold, why wool keeps you warm, examples fromπHow Batteries WorkA primary physics lesson on how batteries work: stored chemical energy, the + and β ends, pushing electricity round a ciπ‘How Electric Circuits WorkA primary physics lesson on electric circuits: what a circuit is, the role of the battery, wires, switches and bulbs, coπHow Rainbows FormA primary physics lesson on how rainbows form: white light splitting into colours, refraction in raindrops, the seven raπHow We See ColourA primary physics lesson on how we see colour: white light is a mixture of colours, objects reflect and absorb light, whπ¦Light and ShadowsA primary physics lesson on light and shadows: how light travels in straight lines, why shadows form, opaque and transpaπ§²Magnets and MagnetismA primary physics lesson on magnets and magnetism: discover poles, attraction and repulsion, magnetic materials, and howπͺMirrors and ReflectionA primary physics lesson on mirrors and reflection: how light bounces, why mirror images are flipped left-to-right, the βοΈSimple Machines That Help UsA primary physics lesson on the six simple machines: levers, pulleys, wheels, inclined planes, wedges and screws, with eπ§Solids, Liquids and GasesA primary physics lesson on the three states of matter: learn how solids, liquids and gases behave, how melting and freeπSound and How We HearA primary physics lesson on sound: learn how vibrations make sound, how it travels in waves, why we hear with our ears, β‘Static ElectricityA primary physics lesson on static electricity: how rubbing moves tiny charges, why balloons stick to walls, sparks and πͺ’Stretching and Elastic ForcesA primary physics lesson on stretching and elastic forces: how rubber bands and springs pull back when stretched, elastiπThe Ear and How We HearA primary physics lesson on the ear and how we hear: how sound waves travel into the ear, the eardrum, tiny bones and coποΈThe Eye and How We SeeA primary physics lesson on the eye and how we see: how light enters the eye, the pupil, lens and retina, why we need liπ‘οΈWhat Is Temperature?A primary physics lesson on temperature: what hot and cold really mean, how a thermometer works, degrees Celsius, freezi
π¬ Middle
Ages 11-13
πAcceleration ExplainedA middle-school physics lesson on acceleration: what it means, the acceleration formula, units of m/sΒ², deceleration, grβοΈBalanced and Unbalanced ForcesA middle-school physics lesson on balanced and unbalanced forces: resultant force, free-body diagrams, how unbalanced foπ€ΈCentre of Mass and BalanceA middle-school physics lesson on centre of mass and balance: what the centre of mass is, how to find it, why an object π₯Conduction, Convection and RadiationA middle-school physics lesson on the three ways heat travels: conduction, convection and radiation. Worked examples, reπDistance-Time GraphsA middle-school physics lesson on distance-time graphs: how to read them, what the gradient means, calculating speed froπ¦Echoes and UltrasoundA middle-school physics lesson on echoes and ultrasound: how sound reflects, how to calculate distance from echo time, wβ‘Electric Charge, Conductors and InsulatorsA middle-school physics lesson on electric charge: protons and electrons, conductors vs insulators, charging by frictionπElectricity Basics: Circuits and CurrentA middle-school physics lesson on electricity: electric charge, current, voltage, resistance, series and parallel circuiβ»οΈEnergy Efficiency and TransfersA middle-school physics lesson on energy transfers and efficiency: conservation of energy, useful vs wasted energy, Sankβ‘The Many Forms of EnergyA middle-school physics lesson on forms of energy: kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, light and sound, eπFriction: The Force That Slows Things DownA physics lesson on friction for ages 9-13: learn what friction is, why surfaces grip, how lubricants and drag work, wheπ₯Heat and How It TravelsA middle-school physics lesson on heat: temperature vs heat energy, and the three ways heat travels β conduction, convecπ Household Electricity and SafetyA middle-school physics lesson on household electricity: AC mains, the live, neutral and earth wires, how fuses, earthinπ²How a Bicycle WorksA middle-school physics lesson on how a bicycle works: balance and gyroscopic effect, gears and force, friction in brakeπ§How a Fridge Keeps Food ColdA middle-school physics lesson on how a refrigerator works: evaporation cooling, the refrigerant cycle, compressor and cπHow Lenses WorkA middle-school physics lesson on how lenses work: convex and concave lenses, refraction, focal length, real and virtualπΈHow Musical Instruments Make NotesA middle-school physics lesson on how instruments make notes: vibrations, resonance, standing waves, why strings and pipπHow We Generate ElectricityA middle-school physics lesson on generating electricity: turbines, generators and electromagnetic induction, fossil fueπͺLevers and MomentsA middle-school physics lesson on levers and moments: the law of the lever, the principle of moments, pivots, effort andπͺMeasuring Forces with SpringsA middle-school physics lesson on measuring forces with springs and newton-meters: Hooke's law, F = kx, the elastic limiπ°οΈOrbits and SatellitesA middle-school physics lesson on orbits and satellites: how gravity keeps moons and satellites in orbit, why they don'tπ’οΈPressure and HydraulicsA middle-school physics lesson on pressure and hydraulics: the pressure formula, why pressure spreads through liquids, PπPressure in Liquids and GasesA middle-school physics lesson on pressure in fluids: what pressure is, why it increases with depth, atmospheric pressurπSeismic Waves: P-waves and S-wavesA middle-school physics lesson on seismic waves: how earthquakes make P-waves and S-waves, why P-waves arrive first, howπSeries and Parallel CircuitsA middle-school physics lesson on series and parallel circuits: how current, voltage and brightness behave in each, workπSpeed, Distance and TimeA middle-school physics lesson on speed, distance and time: the speed formula, average vs instantaneous speed, units, diπSpeed-Time GraphsA middle-school physics lesson on speed-time graphs: reading them, finding acceleration from the gradient, distance fromβThe Life Cycle of StarsA middle-school physics lesson on the life cycle of stars: how stars are born in nebulae, shine by nuclear fusion, and dβοΈThe Particle Model of MatterA middle-school physics lesson on the particle model of matter: tiny moving particles, how they explain solids, liquids βοΈThe Physics of FlightA middle-school physics lesson on how planes fly: the four forces of flight (lift, weight, thrust, drag), how wings makeπͺThe Solar System and GravityA middle-school physics lesson on the solar system and gravity: the Sun, planets, orbits, why we have day and night and β‘Voltage, Current and ResistanceA middle-school physics lesson on voltage, current and resistance and how Ohm's law links them. Worked V=IR examples, thγ°οΈWavelength, Frequency and AmplitudeA middle-school physics lesson on wavelength, frequency and amplitude: what each wave property means, the wave equation πWaves and VibrationsA middle-school physics lesson on waves and vibrations: transverse and longitudinal waves, wavelength, frequency, amplitβοΈWeight vs MassA middle-school physics lesson on the difference between weight and mass: why mass stays the same everywhere, how weightπ€οΈWhy the Sky Is BlueA middle-school physics lesson on why the sky is blue: how sunlight is made of colours, how air scatters blue light most
π Teen
Ages 14-18
π³οΈBlack Holes ExplainedA teen physics lesson on black holes: how they form, the event horizon, gravity and spacetime, Schwarzschild radius, spaπ°οΈCircular Motion and OrbitsA teen physics lesson on circular motion and orbits: centripetal force and acceleration, vΒ²/r, why satellites and planetγ°οΈDiffraction and InterferenceA teen physics lesson on diffraction and interference: how waves bend around edges, how they add and cancel, constructivπ‘Electrical Power and EnergyA teen physics lesson on electrical power and energy: the equation P = IV, how power links to current and voltage, workiπ§²Electromagnetic Induction: The Generator EffectA teen physics lesson on electromagnetic induction: how moving a magnet near a coil generates a voltage, Faraday's and LπͺEnergy, Work and PowerA teen physics lesson on energy, work and power: the work-energy link, calculating work in joules and power in watts, efπ°Force, Mass and Acceleration (F = ma)A teen physics lesson on Newton's second law: the equation F = ma, the newton, resultant force, worked examples, rearranπHow a Loudspeaker WorksA teen physics lesson on how a loudspeaker works: electric signals, the motor effect, how a coil and magnet push a cone π²How a Microwave Oven WorksA teen physics lesson on how a microwave oven heats food: microwaves from a magnetron, how they make water molecules vibπ’How Roller Coasters WorkA teen physics lesson on how roller coasters work: gravitational and kinetic energy, the energy transfer down the first βοΈIntroduction to AtomsA teen physics lesson on atoms: protons, neutrons and electrons, atomic number and mass number, isotopes, ions, and how βοΈIntroduction to Quantum PhysicsA teen physics lesson introducing quantum physics: energy quanta, wave-particle duality, the double-slit experiment, theβ’οΈIntroduction to RadioactivityA teen physics lesson on radioactivity: unstable nuclei, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, half-life with worked examplesπ₯Introduction to ThermodynamicsA teen physics lesson on thermodynamics: internal energy, the first and second laws, heat vs temperature, entropy, heat π±Momentum and CollisionsA teen physics lesson on momentum and collisions: p = mv, conservation of momentum, elastic vs inelastic collisions, impπ₯Momentum and ImpulseA teen physics lesson on momentum and impulse: the equations p = mv and impulse = Ft, why time changes the force in a coπNewton's Three Laws of MotionA teen physics lesson on Newton's three laws of motion: inertia, F=ma, and action-reaction, with real-world examples, eqβοΈNuclear FissionA teen physics lesson on nuclear fission: splitting heavy nuclei, the chain reaction, how nuclear reactors release energβοΈNuclear Fusion and the SunA teen physics lesson on nuclear fusion: how the Sun fuses hydrogen into helium, why fusion needs extreme heat and pressπReflection and Refraction of LightA teen physics lesson on reflection and refraction of light: the law of reflection, Snell's law, refractive index, totalπ‘οΈSpecific Heat CapacityA teen physics lesson on specific heat capacity: why some materials heat up faster than others, the equation Q = mcΞT wiπͺTerminal VelocityA teen physics lesson on terminal velocity: how drag balances weight in free fall, why a falling object stops acceleratiβ‘The Conservation of EnergyA teen physics lesson on the conservation of energy: energy stores and transfers, the principle that energy is never creπThe Doppler EffectA teen physics lesson on the Doppler effect: why a passing siren changes pitch, how moving sources squeeze and stretch wπThe Electromagnetic SpectrumA teen physics lesson on the electromagnetic spectrum: radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays anπGas Pressure and Temperature: An Introduction to the Gas LawsA teen physics lesson on the gas laws: how pressure, volume and temperature of a gas are linked, the particle model explπThe Motor Effect: How Electric Motors WorkA teen physics lesson on the motor effect: how a current in a magnetic field feels a force, Fleming's left-hand rule, F=π‘The Speed of Light and How We Measured ItA teen physics lesson on the speed of light: how fast light travels, the clever experiments from RΓΈmer to Fizeau to laseπThe Wave Equation: v = f Ξ»A teen physics lesson on the wave equation v = f Ξ»: what wave speed, frequency and wavelength mean, how to rearrange theπ¦Total Internal Reflection and Fibre OpticsA teen physics lesson on total internal reflection and fibre optics: the critical angle, refractive index, Snell's law, πTransformers and the National GridA teen physics lesson on transformers and the National Grid: how step-up and step-down transformers change voltage, the βοΈWork Done and Kinetic EnergyA teen physics lesson on work done and kinetic energy: the equations W = Fd and KE = Β½mvΒ², the work-energy link, the jou